Purity test: administered to show familiarity with deviance concepts, to create set of class scores, to convey a sense of vulnerability associated with studying deviance.

Definition of "deviance" (Downes & Rock). Also working definitions of norm, folkway, more, law, stigma, censure, sanction

Idea that deviance is tied to ideas of conformity

Asch study (conformity in line length); Milgram study (conformity in electric shocks on learning)

Know prejudice, self-serving bias, fundamental attribution error.

Why deviance instead of diversity? Is deviance good for society?

Main points from Downes & Rock, chapters 1, 2, 13

Main points from Durkheim, Marx, Becker, Erikson

Timeline: Beccaria (Crimes & Punishments); Comte (The Positive Philosophy); Marx (Communist Manifesto); Spencer (Social Statics); Lombroso (Criminal Man); Durkheim (Suicide); James (Pragmatism); Goring (The English Convict); Sutherland (White Collar Crime); Cohen (Delinquent Boys); Becker (Outsiders); Matza (Delinquency and Drift); Sellin and Wolfgang (Measuring Delinquency); Hirschi (Causes of Delinquency); Blumer (Symbolic Interactionism); Matza (Becoming Deviant); Taylor, Walton, and Young (Critical Criminology); Foucault (Discipline and Punish); Katz (Seductions of Crime); Davis (City of Quartz); Herrnstein and Murray (The Bell Curve).

Biographical info about Comte, Marx, Weber.

Methods: Kuhn (scientific revolutions), Popper (falsifiable), Wilson (policy useful)

Hierarchy of scientific precision: description, explanation, prediction, control, application

Validity v. reliability

Positivism v. phenomenology

Access: Oleson's interview with Mr. X; Up the Anthropologist

Quantitative methods: surveys (cross-sectional, time series, longitudinal); variables (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio); statistics (self-report, official, victim); experiment

Qualitative methods: interviews (structured, semi-structured, focused, group); participant observation (participant, participant as observer, observer as participant, observer); insider/outsider

Ethics: human subjects committees; Nuremberg Code; Milgram controversy; Rosenhan (pseudopatient); Laud Humphreys (public sex); Antigone dilemma (Polsky quote about researcher as stand-up guy); Rik Scarce (UW, on contempt charge); Richard Leo (Cal, interrogations); link-file system; Singer article

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

Anti-psychiatry movement

Does mental illness exist (metaphor); causes not shown; confuse morality and disease; biological cause

Homosexuality (disease until 1973 in DSM-II). Also ADHD

Cultural/historical influences on "mental disorders"

The Crack-Up (Fitzgerald)

Jamison article (literary eminence and disorder)

Psychopathy: Hare checklist; main symptoms (no remorse, unreliable, aggression, lack of emotional depth, absence of delusions or irrational thinking); biological correlates; clinical disorder but not legally insane

Schools of sociology of deviance: control theory, environmental criminology/defensible space, labeling theory, rational choice theory, radical criminology/critical theory, left realism, feminist theory, disorganization/anomic theory, differential association, strain theory, functionalism, structuralism

Alcohol: physiology of drinking (CNS depressant), demographics, three types alcoholics (daily, weekend, binge), gamma (US stereotype), tolerance

12 step (generally) in AA big book

Basic questions from FAQ

Is alcoholism deviant or glorified? Temperance movement, some alcohols illegal (absinthe), advertising, low-consensus deviance, aggression (shock), auto accidents, homicides (60% of cases)

Four models of drug-behavior relations (spurious, direct cause, conditional cause, common cause)

Cannabis: hemp v. marijuana; food, fuel, paper, cloth, building materials, plastics, medicine; THC as active ingredient; historical passage of 1937 marijuana tax law (Anslinger & Mellon, Hearst papers, ex-Prohibition agents, confusion of hemp and marijuana, racism)

Becker article (learned behavior)

Prop. 215: 1996; 56% Y, 44% N; illegal to possess, raise a defense), better than marinol, fewer regualtions

War on drugs: F&D Act of 1906. Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914. Prohibition in 1919-33.

Classes of drugs: alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, opiates, barbituates, amphetamines, designer drugs. Marijuana and cocaine (esp. crack) in war on drugs.

Partnership for Drug Free America: Advertising. Shenk's point (Are drugs, themselves, evil?)

Tart: Altered States of Consciousness. Know terms: Set and setting.

Economic loss: budget up 3700% since 1970, 1987-98 with a 340% increase in fed funding

Penal state: 1.5 million arrested for drugs/yr. (79% for possession); 58% of fed prisoners for drugs

Respect for criminal justice system: proportionality (longer sentence for drugs than manslaughter), corruption of law enforcement, cops lie, race (not equal: 1/2 blacks get sentenced, vs 1/3 whites), crack with high sentences (100 times as much powdered cocaine to equal sentence of 5 grams crack), seizure

Constitutional protections: Terry stops (frisk without probable cause), Tecumseh (high school drug test)

Evolution of genius: spirit, creativity, eminence/reputation, intelligence

William James Sidis: 250-300 IQ, Latin at 3 y.o., 8 languages at 6 y.o., 4 books at 8 y.o., graduate Harvard at 15, May Day riot (socialist), institutionalized, burned out, New Yorker libel suit, died at 46 y.o.

Towers article: committed, marginal, dropout; IQ gulf

Genius and crime study: worst 5% committed 68% of crimes, some offenses without arrests, motives included stigma, high rates of mental disorder (37.7% with disorder), influences

Visionquest: cultural variations, Winnebago vision quest, Mandan Sun Dance, BIA, Wovoka and peyotism, Wounded Knee (1890), Employment Division v. Smith (1990). Scalia's opinion holds that there is no federal guarantee of peyote use for religious purposes, presumption of invalidity due to religious freedom a luxury the pluralistic US can't afford, Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. Voodoo and santaria

Deikman's article: deautomatization (and why desirable); realness, sensations, unity, ineffability, transsensate phenomena

Cults: New age beliefs as worth respect? Witches as discriminated against. What is the difference between a religion and a cult? Heaven's Gate (belief in suicide to board UFO behind comet), internet as means to connect scattered people.

PhD (and college) as visionquest: anomic age (piecings), rational culture with rational manifestations, beat conscious mind down to allow vision, slower process in our culture, light metaphors for intelligence, test of vision, status change; 5 stages (preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, elaboration)

Thrasher: definition of gang, types of movement

Congressional report: Trochmann as militiaman, secessionist, aryan? 224 militias in US, tied to Waco, Ruby Ridge, and Oklahoma City bombing

Mission gangs: 16^th and 24^th Mission, Surenos and Nortenos

Gangs: metropolitan, but not restricted to big cities; LA gangs best known in CA (crips, bloods); crack cocaine changed nature of gangs (social, political, economic), increased violence; 75% intergang killings and 10% intragang killings in Chicago; 7,400 gang sets in USA; set is a neighborhood group (like a franchise of a gang nation); street v. ethnic gangs; ethnic groups (black, hispanic, asian, white).